If you ever watched The Magic School Bus when you were a kid, maybe you remember this bit about Arnold turning to ice: Don’t worry, he thaws out. I always kinda believed that that’s essentially what would happen to an astronaut if one really did remove the helmet out in space. Apparently that’s not the case! A nuclear physicist and wannabe-astronaut I know informed me today that somebody who takes his helmet off in space is probably going to survive for a minute or so (and would thus have enough time to get back into the safety of a ship – maybe). No air, you say? People can hold their breath for at least a minute. Nothing about that changes by being out in space. It’s cold, you say? Yes – around 3 degrees Kelvin apparently (almost as cold as it gets anywhere in the universe) – but it takes quite a lot of time to cool you down when there’s no air hitting you to transfer your body heat to. Not exactly a snap freeze. No air pressure, you say? So you depressurize fast – on earth, ...